Researchers and education leaders argue that artificial intelligence can transform teaching—delivering personalized learning and automating routine tasks—but only if governments, technology firms and educators coordinate implementation and governance. Reports emphasize AI’s capacity to provide one-to-one tutoring at scale, while warning that realizing benefits requires policy frameworks, teacher training and safeguards around data and equity. Separately, AI is accelerating scientific discovery by enabling tasks like protein structure prediction and hypothesis generation; advocates say broader access to AI research tools is necessary so scientists worldwide can harness the technology. University research offices and funding agencies are discussing open-access models and infrastructure investment to avoid concentration of tools at elite labs. Universities face both an opportunity to redesign pedagogy and a governance challenge to ensure ethical, equitable deployment of AI across research and instruction.