As private campuses close and more institutions face mounting enrollment and debt pressure, federal and state governments are moving to streamline takeovers and expand protections for students. The story highlights how the federal government is promising to ease the process for healthier competitors to take over failing colleges. States are also ramping up consumer-protection rules when campuses close, while litigation continues to expand. The article points to lawsuits brought by students and employees against schools that shut down, alongside new efforts by institutions to find alternate revenue streams. A major policy mechanism gaining traction is “tuition recovery” funds: 22 states require private colleges to contribute a portion of tuition to state accounts, typically to compensate students if a campus closes. The article notes the funds began with for-profit institutions but have expanded to nearly half of nonprofit degree-granting colleges.