House and Senate appropriators pushed back on President Trump’s steep proposed cuts to major federal research agencies, drafting spending plans that would trim but not gut the National Science Foundation, NASA and the Energy Department. Congressional drafts would reduce the NSF by roughly $310 million—far less than the administration’s requested $5 billion cut—and pare NASA and other science budgets modestly, according to the AAAS tracker. Lawmakers signaled support for sustaining research capacity and jobs even as broader fiscal fights continue; the measures still face negotiation before appropriations must be finalized.