The Justice Department sued Harvard University, alleging the school failed to protect Jewish and Israeli students from antisemitic harassment and violated Title VI of the Civil Rights Act. The complaint seeks to recover federal grants and to compel Harvard to adopt court‑approved compliance measures, including appointing an outside monitor and stronger enforcement of campus rules. The administration has already frozen billions in research funding and HHS previously found Title VI violations; Harvard says it has begun reforms but denies deliberate indifference. The case escalates a year‑long federal review into Harvard’s handling of campus protests and could reset how the government conditions grant awards to research universities. DOJ and HHS officials framed the suit as both a civil‑rights enforcement action and a mechanism to withhold or recoup federal support if the university does not adopt what the government deems adequate safeguards. Litigation and political pushback are likely to continue; higher‑education stakeholders warn of precedent‑setting federal intrusion into campus conduct and academic autonomy.