The U.S. Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights concluded San José State University violated Title IX for permitting a transgender woman to compete on its women’s volleyball team and for handling related complaints inadequately. OCR found SJSU failed to promptly investigate complaints from cisgender athletes and that the university discouraged women from participating in the Title IX process. The finding follows national controversy in 2024 over athlete Blaire Fleming and subsequent NCAA policy changes. As part of a proposed resolution, the Education Department demanded SJSU issue a public statement asserting that sex is ‘‘unchangeable’’ and send individualized apology letters to affected female athletes, language the university is reviewing. The department warned that SJSU could face enforcement action if it does not reach a voluntary resolution within 10 days. Campus leaders and legal observers say the decision raises immediate operational questions about athletic eligibility, investigative procedures, and the interplay between federal directives and institutional policy. Universities nationwide that field intercollegiate athletics are closely watching the SJSU outcome for precedent on compliance and remedies under the department’s current interpretation of Title IX.