The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission told a court that the University of Pennsylvania has obstructed an investigation into antisemitism by refusing to produce lists of Jewish students and employees requested in a subpoena. The EEOC filing accuses Penn of waging a public‑relations campaign to resist compliance and of impeding the agency’s ability to identify witnesses and victims. Penn counters that the demand is an unconstitutional collection of private religious and associational data; the American Association of University Professors and campus groups have moved to intervene. The dispute raises difficult legal and privacy questions about federal investigatory powers, the protection of religious minorities, and institutional disclosure obligations in civil‑rights probes.