The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission told a court the University of Pennsylvania waged an “intensive and relentless public relations campaign” to resist a subpoena in its investigation into antisemitism on campus. The EEOC seeks lists of Jewish students and staff it says are needed to identify potential victims and witnesses; Penn called the demand “extraordinary and unconstitutional,” contending it would force the university to compile private religious‑affiliation data and personal contact information. The dispute has drawn intervention motions from the American Association of University Professors and the AAUP‑Penn chapter, which argued the request risks exposing private information and chilling academic and political speech. The case underscores tensions between federal civil‑rights investigations and institutional commitments to privacy and academic freedom. Courts will decide whether the EEOC’s request is lawful and narrowly tailored; legal outcomes could set substantive precedents for how institutions must produce membership and affiliation data during federal probes.