The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission accused the University of Pennsylvania of obstructing an investigation into allegations of antisemitism by resisting a subpoena for lists of Jewish students and staff. In a court filing, the EEOC said Penn mounted a public-relations campaign to avoid compliance; the university called the demand “extraordinary and unconstitutional.” The dispute centers on the federal agency’s request for de‑anonymized data—home addresses, contact details and affiliations—that Penn and academic groups warn could jeopardize religious liberty and campus safety. The American Association of University Professors and other academic stakeholders have moved to intervene, arguing the demand risks chilling academic speech and exposing private religious information. The case could set a precedent for how federal civil-rights probes interact with privacy, campus governance and protections for religious minorities on campus. University counsel and civil‑liberties advocates are likely to press for narrow, targeted discovery rather than broad personnel lists.