The U.S. Department of Justice escalated its admissions enforcement posture by accusing Yale University of illegally considering race in its medical school admissions, marking a second federal discrimination case against a medical program this month. DOJ said an investigation found Black and Hispanic applicants had higher admission chances than white or Asian applicants despite lower GPA and test scores. In a letter to Yale’s counsel, DOJ’s Harmeet Dhillon said the school continued “race-based admissions” despite the Supreme Court’s 2023 affirmative action decision and public mandates for reform. DOJ also indicated it sought a voluntary resolution agreement and warned it could file in court if compliance is not reached. Yale’s School of Medicine responded that its admissions process is rigorous and that admitted students demonstrate academic achievement and commitment. The dispute centers on whether the medical school’s criteria operate as unlawful racial preferences, an issue DOJ said it is pursuing under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The case follows DOJ’s prior notice to the University of California, Los Angeles, medical school regarding race in admissions, reinforcing that universities’ “race-neutral” process designs are now under a heightened federal microscope.