A federal judge ruled that the Trump administration violated Harvard University’s First Amendment rights by freezing $2.2 billion in federal research funding and failing to follow proper procedures. The judge declared the freeze arbitrary and capricious, emphasizing the importance of safeguarding academic freedom and ensuring credible assessment of federal grants. While the ruling opens the door for reinstatement of Harvard's funding, the administration plans to appeal. Harvard sued after refusing extensive federal demands alleging insufficient action against antisemitism on campus.