Two separate federal judges struck down key parts of the Trump administration’s overhaul of Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), ruling that the changes exceeded agency authority and raised First Amendment concerns. The decisions came a day before the updated rule was scheduled to take effect. In Massachusetts, U.S. District Judge Myong Joun vacated the Education Department’s changes, saying they risked violating free speech protections. In Washington, D.C., U.S. District Judge Amir Ali issued a similar ruling in another case involving nonprofit plaintiffs. The litigation centers on how PSLF would treat certain employer actions and nonprofits/government groups with causes viewed as outside the administration’s priorities. The program has already canceled loans for more than 1 million Americans, making the rulings immediately consequential for borrowers and institutions with large numbers of public-service graduates. Separately, the Education Department has continued moving regulations tied to the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, including an earnings test that could affect eligibility for federal student loans and Pell. Together, the rulings and regulatory rollout underscore how fast eligibility rules are shifting for both students and colleges.