The U.S. Department of Education has opened a Title IX investigation into Smith College, an all-women’s college in Massachusetts, over allegations that the school’s admissions policy may violate anti-discrimination laws. The civil rights arm said Smith’s approach could conflict with Title IX requirements by admitting “biological males” to women-only spaces. Smith, which says it considers for admission applicants who self-identify as women—including cis, trans, and nonbinary women—faces scrutiny that could affect its admissions practices, campus housing, and athletics policies. The probe centers on whether admitting trans women provides access to dormitories, bathrooms, locker rooms, and athletic teams in a way that federal investigators believe may be unlawful. The development also signals broader federal enforcement pressure under the Trump administration on transgender-related access policies at institutions receiving federal funds. The outcome could have downstream implications for other colleges with similar admissions standards and for how campuses interpret and implement Title IX guidance.