Business groups and legal coalitions have moved to block the administration’s dramatic changes to skilled-worker immigration, arguing policy shifts will harm U.S. employers and higher education’s talent pipeline. The U.S. Chamber of Commerce sued to enjoin a presidential proclamation that would impose a $100,000 fee on new H‑1B petitions, calling the move an unlawful expansion of executive authority. Separately, a National Foundation for American Policy study warned that the broader immigration clampdown — including proposed OPT restrictions and refugee reductions — could shrink the U.S. workforce by millions and depress GDP, a forecast that would affect university research staffing and employer recruitment of international graduates.