Federal immigration policy developments are creating new compliance and enrollment risks for institutions. A federal judge held that President Trump did not exceed authority when he imposed a new $100,000 surcharge on employers seeking H‑1B visas, a ruling that the Association of American Universities and the U.S. Chamber are appealing. The decision upholds broad executive discretion over noncitizen admissions tied to labor and national security rationales. In a separate front, the DOJ joined a challenge to Virginia's law granting in‑state tuition to certain undocumented students, with the state attorney general filing a joint motion to strike down the statute. The lawsuit seeks to roll back tuition privileges that have supported thousands of undocumented students’ access to higher education. Combined, the legal shifts complicate hiring of international scholars and the pathways for undocumented students to attend public campuses. Universities should review immigration compliance, budget assumptions for international hiring, and legal strategies to defend student access policies.