Scholars assessing Iran’s higher‑education sector conclude institutions have been significantly weakened by decades of political repression and academic purges, yet retain a base of expertise that could contribute to reconstruction if political conditions change. Researchers note systematic dismissal, imprisonment and exile of progressive academics, and call for institutional reforms to replace politically appointed managers. Experts stressed that rebuilding will require protecting returning scholars and reconnecting the Iranian academy to international networks. The analysis frames universities as potential actors in national recovery but underscores the political steps needed to restore autonomy and research capacity.