Newly unsealed court documents and a federal ruling show Department of Homeland Security personnel targeted international students and scholars on the basis of campus protest activity, including opinion pieces and attendance at demonstrations. U.S. District Judge William G. Young described the government’s actions as constitutionally suspect and warned against altering plaintiffs’ immigration status in retaliation. The cases name specific arrests and internal memos that flagged nonviolent protest activity—some tied to campus newspapers—as a basis for immigration enforcement actions. Universities and civil‑liberties groups argue the files reveal viewpoint‑based enforcement that chills academic freedom and international recruitment. The judge’s order allows affected students to seek immediate relief if agencies attempt to change their immigration status; the ruling will shape ongoing litigation over the limits of national‑security justifications for immigration enforcement on campus.