The Justice Department filed lawsuits challenging California policies that allow some undocumented students to access in-state tuition rates and state-administered scholarships. Federal lawyers argue these measures unlawfully provide benefits not available to all U.S. citizens, and have asked courts to declare the statutes unconstitutional. The filings target Gov. Gavin Newsom and governing boards across California’s public systems and mark the latest federal challenge to state-level higher-education access policies. Legal experts and campus leaders warn the litigation could force rapid changes to enrollment billing, scholarship administration and financial-aid eligibility processes if courts side with the DOJ.