Campuses are confronting intensified legal and enforcement pressures this fall. A federal subpoena seeking names of some Jewish employees at the University of Pennsylvania provoked backlash from academic leaders who said the request risks chilling speech and raising privacy concerns. Meanwhile, ICE enforcement actions near North Carolina campuses have left international students and staff fearful and prompted university leaders to issue guidance on rights and emergency contacts. Legal teams and registrars are advising institutions to update crisis-response playbooks, clarify data‑request protocols and reinforce supports for affected students and employees.