NAFSA’s survey of roughly 200 U.S. institutions found average declines in new international student enrollment this fall — a 6% average drop for new international bachelor’s students and a 19% fall for new international master’s students. Nearly half of surveyed colleges reported lower international undergraduate enrollments and nearly two‑thirds saw declines at the graduate level. Surveyed institutions overwhelmingly blamed restrictive government visa and immigration policies as the primary barrier; 85% cited policy changes, up sharply from prior years. Institutions also flagged tuition and living costs, and many said they will expand recruitment into new markets or increase online programming to offset losses. NAFSA’s findings are echoed in a broader survey showing most U.S. universities experienced international enrollment dips while Asian and European institutions saw gains — a shift that could reshape talent flows, campus diversity, and revenue models for research‑intensive universities.