The University of Pennsylvania asked a federal judge to deny the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission’s motion to enforce a subpoena that seeks lists of employees identified by Jewish faith or ancestry and participation in Jewish organizations. In court filings, Penn said it has provided nearly 900 pages of relevant material but called the EEOC’s request unconstitutional and warned it would endanger staff privacy and safety. Penn’s filing frames the dispute as a constitutional fight over compelled disclosure of religious identity, and the university noted the ‘frightening and well‑documented history’ of government efforts to catalogue people by religion. The case adds to a string of federal investigations and subpoenas envolvendo elite universities and raises immediate questions for campus counsel about privacy protections, compelled discovery, and balancing cooperation with federal civil‑rights probes against employee safety and First Amendment concerns.