A new report finds college applicants are increasingly reluctant to report race and ethnicity on applications following the Supreme Court’s rejection of affirmative action in 2023. The “Known Unknowns” analysis by Class Action says the “non-reporting” rate rose to 4% from 3.3% across institutions, with higher increases at “Ivy Plus” schools and HBCUs. The findings highlight how uncertainty in application data is complicating enrollment and equity monitoring at a time when institutions and watchdog groups are still mapping how admissions systems operate under the post-affirmative-action framework. The report notes the share of students not reporting race on standardized testing has nearly doubled over the decade. For universities, the shift raises practical governance challenges: administrators and researchers may have less demographic information to evaluate outcomes, compliance, and outreach effectiveness. The report also advises higher education to communicate clearly the value and low risk of sharing demographic data. As a result, both institutional research offices and external investigators may face more limits when trying to interpret applicant behavior and admissions decisions.