A new earnings-test accountability scheme proposed by congressional Republicans and the Trump administration could unintentionally penalize a subset of small faith-based colleges, particularly those whose education missions include religious training outcomes that do not align with labor-market earnings benchmarks. The “One Big Beautiful Bill Act” earnings test would require undergraduate programs to show alumni earn more than a high-school graduate four years after completion. While the analysis cited in the report suggests most programs may pass, the rule could make nearly 20 faith-based colleges ineligible for federal student aid due to program-level outcomes. Organizations representing Christian colleges warned that graduates often pursue service-oriented vocations as a calling, not a pathway to immediate high earnings. The impact is expected to be disproportionate for specific degree offerings such as programs intended for rabbis or Talmudic scholars, where large shares of graduates could miss the earnings threshold—potentially triggering institution-wide penalties if the failed programs represent a majority of students or revenue.