Campus free-speech tensions rose to a record in 2025, the Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression reported, documenting 273 attempts by administrators and officials to investigate or punish student expression. FIRE’s tally cites incidents ranging from media censorship at Indiana University to administrative probes tied to protests and political demonstrations. At the same time, policy battles over who may enroll at single-sex institutions surfaced globally: a Times Higher Education survey found several Japanese women’s universities have begun admitting transgender women while others refuse, citing facilities and registry-based eligibility. The divergence — and FIRE’s record — signal accelerating legal and reputational exposure for colleges as regulators, donors and courts press institutions to resolve speech and inclusion disputes.