A congressional push for a new accountability scheme—the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act” earnings test—could unintentionally restrict federal financial aid for a subset of religious colleges, policy groups warn. The plan requires undergraduate programs to show alumni earnings above a high-school graduate benchmark four years after degree completion. Christian colleges say many students pursue service-oriented careers as a matter of religious calling rather than earnings maximization. Data cited by groups indicate that large shares of bachelor’s and master’s programs in religion or religious studies could fail the earnings benchmark, with disproportionate risk for institutions that offer degrees tied to religious leadership. Higher education leaders and compliance teams will need to track how program-level metrics aggregate into institutional eligibility decisions, especially as regulation implementation details determine whether penalties apply to specific programs or entire institutions.