New federal enrollment data show that the post–Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard era is producing uneven demographic outcomes at U.S. colleges—especially at the most selective institutions. A Chronicle analysis found that nearly 70% of highly selective schools (admitting fewer than 15% of applicants) saw declines in underrepresented minority first-year students between fall 2022 and fall 2024. The reporting highlights that underrepresented minority enrollment at the most selective colleges decreased by about 15%, while Black enrollment fell by roughly 26% over the same period. The national top-line picture was different: overall, the share of underrepresented minorities increased by 11% and the share of Black students rose by 8%. The analysis uses first-year enrollment-by-race data from the Department of Education’s Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System and points to increased non-disclosure of race, complicating how institutions and policymakers interpret the impact of race-conscious admissions bans on campus composition.