The U.S. Supreme Court heard back‑to‑back arguments in two cases challenging state bans on transgender girls in school sports—Little v. Hecox (Idaho) and West Virginia v. B.P.J.—that could determine whether state laws restricting participation on the basis of sex assigned at birth survive constitutional review. Justices signaled skepticism about imposing a single national rule amid state divergence; several conservative justices suggested courts should defer to state athletic classifications. The rulings could immediately affect policies at 27 states that have enacted similar bans and will shape Title IX implementation guidance for K‑12 and collegiate athletic programs. Athletic directors, compliance offices and campus counsel should prepare for rapid policy change and review team rosters, eligibility rules, and existing accommodations in anticipation of a split decision. (Sources: Supreme Court arguments; lower‑court rulings.)