The Supreme Court heard back-to-back challenges to state laws that bar transgender girls and women from female sports teams, signaling the possibility of a landmark ruling on Title IX and equal-protection claims. Justices questioned whether federal courts should impose a single national rule while roughly half the states allow trans participation and half have banned it; conservative justices voiced skepticism about striking down state restrictions. The cases—Little v. Hecox (Idaho) and West Virginia v. B.P.J.—feature college and K–12 plaintiffs and hinge on whether sex‑based athletic classifications violate the 14th Amendment or Title IX. Court comments from Justices Brett Kavanaugh and Samuel Alito, and arguments from state solicitors, suggest a narrow majority may defer to states—an outcome that would reshape athletic policy and campus compliance across roughly two dozen states.