The U.S. Supreme Court upheld state laws barring transgender women and girls from competing in sports teams consistent with gender identity, ruling that Title IX allows separate teams based on “biological sex.” The decision, tied to West Virginia v. B.P.J., extends to the constitutionality of those state restrictions and frames the allowed classification as substantially related to safety and competitive fairness. Campus implications are immediate because 27 states have enacted or expanded transgender-athlete restrictions in recent years. The reporting includes commentary from University of Massachusetts Amherst professor Elizabeth Sharrow, who argued the ruling undermines the Title IX culture that treats exclusion by identity as unacceptable. The outcome also signals renewed compliance risk for athletics administrators and student affairs units tasked with maintaining Title IX coverage while managing state-level eligibility rules—potentially requiring policy rewrites, team structures, and documentation processes.