The Biden-era visa framework shifted decisively when the White House this week expanded a presidential proclamation to restrict entry from 39 countries, including partial limits on nations that supply large numbers of international students. The proclamation bars or curtails F and J visas used by most international students and visiting scholars, taking effect Jan. 1. NAFSA, university groups and the Presidents’ Alliance warned the move will shrink the international student pipeline and complicate research and staffing at U.S. campuses. Higher-education leaders say the restrictions risk lost tuition revenue, interrupted research projects and damaged global recruitment pipelines just as institutions try to recover from post‑pandemic enrollment shocks.