Federal action under President Trump’s second term has escalated civil-rights enforcement against higher education institutions: more than 150 investigations and multiple high-profile warnings have put colleges on notice. The Education Department placed 60 colleges on notice in March over Title VI probes and opened another 51 investigations into race-based program restrictions, while some institutions have negotiated settlements with the administration. The probes target a broad set of campus practices — from diversity, equity and inclusion programs to policies affecting transgender students — and have pressured university leaders to weigh financial risk against institutional priorities. Named institutions include Yale, Cornell, Tulane and Arizona State. College presidents and governance bodies report increased federal leverage in campus decision-making; lawyers and compliance officers anticipate a wave of litigation and heightened recordkeeping requirements tied to funding eligibility.