The Trump administration filed an appeal with the 1st U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals seeking to overturn a federal judge’s decision that blocked the government’s roughly $2.2 billion freeze of Harvard University research funding. The move follows U.S. District Judge Allison Burroughs’ September ruling that the freeze violated Harvard’s First Amendment rights and administrative law. The administration framed the appeal as part of its effort to hold the university accountable for campus safety and discrimination claims; Harvard said it remains confident in the district court’s ruling and the restored grants. The appeal sustains legal uncertainty for Harvard and could set precedents about limits on federal leverage over university research and campus policy.