An executive order and related policy moves from the Trump administration are injecting political oversight into federal research funding, giving career grants new scrutiny by political appointees and proposing a compact that would reward institutions aligning with administration priorities. Higher‑education and research experts warn the shift undercuts peer review and could redirect merit‑based awards. Observers from the Association of American Universities and leading scientists argued the measures risk chilling basic and applied research, citing examples where projects on climate, mRNA research, and diversity‑related work were curtailed. The policies include language to penalise so‑called “repeat players” and to prioritise institutions that sign a White House compact. Universities are already reporting increased administrative burdens and revising grant‑management practices; some faculty say the changes will alter research agendas and recruitments, potentially driving talent abroad or into the private sector.