A new survey by NAFSA and partners found U.S. universities reporting widespread declines in international student enrollment this year, especially at the graduate level, with institutions citing visa restrictions and government policy as the primary barrier. Nearly half of surveyed U.S. institutions reported lower undergraduate international enrollment and 63% saw declines among postgraduates; many campuses are now exploring new recruitment markets and online offerings to offset the shortfall. The enrollment slide coincides with heightened campus concerns about immigration enforcement: a University of Oklahoma professor detained by ICE on his way to a conference was released, drawing attention to the vulnerability of foreign-born faculty and scholars. Universities say unpredictable visa processing and tougher vetting are prompting applicants to reconsider the U.S., complicating research collaborations, postdoc pipelines and campus diversity.